Friday, December 27, 2019

Cultural Relativism, By Lila Abu Lughod - 1359 Words

Cultural relativism is the view that we should seek to understand other cultures within their own context, rather than through the biased understanding of our own cultural beliefs. When Americans see Bedouin women wearing veils, they are likely to view this practice in the context of their own culture and see it purely as an act of male oppression—an idea that would be very confounding and offensive to Bedouin women themselves. To say that, in the future, Bedouin women might â€Å"be free to not be veiled† undermines Bedouin culture because it fundamentally misunderstands the practice of veiling, speaking about it in an American context rather than a Bedouin context. So in order to understand the practice of veiling, we must think in terms of†¦show more content†¦The Bedouin believe that showing these things to others is a form of exposure. For this reason, they value extreme modesty, and find sexuality to be very shameful. Because they can bear children, women are directly tied to ideas of fertility, which is both valued and looked down upon in Bedouin life. Because of menstruation, which cannot be controlled, a woman cannot ever fully have ‘agl. This is one part of why women in Bedouin culture are considered inferior to men. Another concept at the core of Bedouin ethics, which is linked to aá ¹ £l in some ways, is kinship. Bedouin people have an ideology of very strong, natural, unbreakable bonds of blood, especially through agnates (those in the same male bloodline). The concept of kinship is not restricted to blood, but also extends to those who live together, sharing a type of temporary bond. Loyalty to friends and family is very important to the Bedouin, and so the concept of kinship ties directly back into their sense of honor. Within Bedouin culture, directly connected to the concept of kin, is a complex hierarchical social structure of superiors and dependents. It is true that Bedouin men are generally dominant over Bedouin women, but for the Bedouin the concept of authority is derived from moral worthiness. If someone is deserving of authority, they are also considered honorable (which is not to say that this is always theShow MoreRelatedUnder the Desguise of a Passageway to Happiness: Assimiliation779 Words   |  3 Pagescrucial for all people. Ahmed’s article can also be related to Lila Abu Lughod’s article about â€Å"Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others.† In Abu Lughod’s article, Westerners use the excuse of liberating Muslim women from terrorists, to assimilate them into the Western culture (786). While Ahmed challenges the British’s arrogant need to assimilate Indians into their culture, Abu Lughod does the same in her article by exposing that Muslim womenRead MoreThe Brown Eyed / Blue Eyed Experiment980 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves further susceptible to being repressed and mistreated. 3. Cultural relativism occurs when an individual believes that his or hers beliefs and traditions should be understood by other persons or cultures based on that individual s values and perceptions. In Abu-Lughod s essay, the author investigates whether the American intervention in Afghanistan is a proper way to liberate and free Afghan women from being oppressed. Abu-Lughod compares some of the aspects of the mission in Afghanistan toRead More`` It s All On The Family : Intersections Of Gender, Race, And Nation1185 Words   |  5 PagesI’m left to wonder if we’ve taken the same approach in regards to feminist ideals. It seems today, feminism’s mantra is that all women are equal, but Western women are still somehow superior. Lila Abu- Lughod’s piece titled â€Å"Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others† intrigued me due to its title asking a question which at one point (at least for me) had an obvious response. To see if the answer to this was truly palpable, I decided to askRead MorePersepolis : The Story Of A Childhood1654 Words   |  7 PagesThanks to her slightly alternative lifestyle, she is able to reconstruct gender norms that society has set by depicting the different ways women resist them. â€Å"Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others† by Lila Abu-Lughod is an essay detailing the misconceptions surrounding the veil. Through this essay we can see how colonial feminism, the form of feminism in which western women push for a western way of living on their third world counterpartsRead MoreDo Muslim Women Really Need Saving?7400 Words   |  30 PagesDo M uslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others Author(s): Lila Abu-Lughod Reviewed work(s): Source: American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 104, No. 3 (Sep., 2002), pp. 783-790 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the American Anthropological Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3567256 . Accessed: 18/01/2012 15:55 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available atRead MoreAnthà ­a Muà ±oz April 23, 2014 WMST 3100-001 Final Exam IV: Feminist scholarship extensively2200 Words   |  9 Pagesnot be limited to western ideals of liberation. Discourse, Power and Resistance Embedded in intricate systems of privilege and oppression, we are both subjects and agents of social control. As institutional forces construct and maintain social-cultural hierarchies in which power relations inevitably structure an individuals interpretation of not only their environment but also their self-identity. These power relations exercised through discourse, enacted through social institutions (i.e., education

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Pillars Of The Prison System - 1221 Words

â€Å"Bad people deserve punishment.† This is an almost universal tendency within society: to punish those who threaten society at large by either separation or harming them. People are sent to prison to face the consequences for breaking the law and to prevent them from committing crime again as well as to deter others from breaking the law. Prevention, rehabilitation and punishment form the three pillars of the prison system. Prevention is an essential part of the prison system because it averts the general public from committing any crime by creating a â€Å"price to pay,† or cost to their personal freedom. Prevention involves not only protecting society from dangerous criminals but also protecting the criminals from themselves. This provides the means for the second pillar, which is rehabilitation. There is a tendency to think of prisoners as something very external to society since after all there are large, concrete walls and sharp razor wires between them and com munities. Yet, millions of prisoners are released each year. Today’s prisoners are tomorrow’s neighbors, so rehabilitation should be the most important piece of the justice system but, unfortunately, it is not in the United States. The U.S. needs to allocate more of its resources and expenditure on rehabilitation rather than punishment. Of course, there are prisoners who have committed terrible atrocities and deserve their long sentences and there are prisoners who pose a danger to guards, which is why they might needShow MoreRelatedThe Explicit Oppression, And Societal Disadvantages Experienced1437 Words   |  6 Pagesis the key driver behind past and contemporary forms of racism and discrimination. In Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy Andrea Smith highlights the three â€Å"pillars† that drove whites into a position of power and automatic societal privilege upon birth, as well as how this power is currently maintained and will continue to be in the future. The three pillars discussed by Smith include, Slavery/Capitalism, Genocide/Colonialism, and Orientalism/War. Each of these pairs are representedRead MoreEducation Is The Best Legacy And Most Profitable Achievement That Someo ne Can Have1524 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s, education is the best legacy and most profitable achievement that someone can have. Education is like a pillar that millions of people depend on even, most people believe that without education you can make it in life. Educating the prisoner has been a debate over the ages because people think that there is no life after being released from prison. Although it is not all the offender that are not educated, some even are professional workers, like a doctor, teacher, manager, director,Read MoreThe Systemic Symptoms Of Poverty Americans Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pagespoverty. These issues are quantified by time and classified as either strained or non-existent resources. For example, strained resources include, but are not limited to Financial, Emotional, mental, spiritual, physical, or other relational support systems (Payne, 2009). Just under 18 of every 10,000 people are experiencing homelessness on a single night (National A lliance to End Homelessness, 2016). Approximately 29 million individuals and families have gone without health coverage in 2015 (CensusRead MoreThe Giant Wistaria And A Patriarchal System Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe first part of â€Å"The Giant Wistaria† takes place in the New England in the eighteenth century. During this period adherence to a patriarchal system was expected. Men were the dominating sex and women were subservient. They were meant to maintain their purity until they got married (transferring power over the woman from father to husband), and essentially lead a pious life. â€Å"The Giant Wistaria† depicts what happens when an unnamed young woman disregards the unwritten rules of her gender that areRead MoreThe Incarceration Rate Of The United States2386 Words   |  10 Pagesover the last 20 years. Rising incarceration rates stem from increased sentencing of non-violent crimes, little attention to rehabilitation within most prison walls, and e xtremely high recidivism rates. The problem of the increasing prison population touches many areas of our society – from reduced workforce to increased state funding for prisons to the adverse effects on children growing up in single-parent households – but has received little public or political attention. Looking at this issueRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, And Hinduism1173 Words   |  5 Pagesnose, eyes, mouth, legs, etc... However, what make each and every individual different are their beliefs and the standard they go by. This is when religion kicks in. Religion is a European invention used to differentiate systems of belief in ways that are new to many of those systems. This separates everyone, including those that are non-religious. Even though the world has over fifty religions, there are only about five that most people truly believe is true. The following religions are: ChristianityRead MorePrison Terms Ineffective as Deterrent to Crime Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesterm criminology to the world. At present, nearly all countries in the world have adopted the criminal justice system. Criminal justice consists of two tools: Law and Order. On the road to maintain Law and Order, penalty like Prison Term has been espoused. Prison Term could be defined as the length of incarceration for an offender, where the legnth varies from few days to months in a prison. It also embraces life terms in case of serious crimes like manslaughter, rape, murder, armed robbery, and kidnappingRead MoreEssay on Aspects of Social Injustice in The Shawshank Redemption1062 Words   |  5 Pagestragic event in Shawshank, which serves as a base for the plot: the murder of the main character’s wife and her lover. It is obvious that Andy Dufresne, the protagonist, is innocent, but the court does not decide in his favor. In other words, the system of justice makes a sorrowful mistake and ruins a man’s life. This shows how the governmental ma chine is able to have a profound negative influence on an individual (Dorling 13). I can relate a similar, less severe personal experience. Once I was accusedRead MoreThe First Security Bank ( Fsb ) Of Malta, Montana Fall Victim896 Words   |  4 Pagesof Malta, Montana fall victim to a crime of credit card fraud, money laundering, and embezzlement. The crime stared a small city in Montano with a couple thousand, who was startled from the crime. The vice president of operation of the bank was a pillar of the community and the suspect of the bank’s crime. The scheme was committed over a long period of time. This crime weakens the foundation of the bank and possible may run it out of business. The committee was in a frenzy with the bank and theRead MoreManaging Change in the Criminal Justice System676 Words   |  3 PagesJpz777 04/14/2013 Order # A2091096 One organization within the American criminal justice system that has undergone significant changes during the last few decades is the parole board, which is the institution responsible for determining when a prisoner is eligible for early release. Historically, parole has been used by the criminal justice system to regulate overcrowded prison inmate populations, while providing rehabilitated criminals with a second chance to assimilate into society. Since the

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Excess in the 1920s free essay sample

The radio for example has helped communities communicate, â€Å"Although major magazines and newspapers reached big audiences, radio was the most powerful communication medium to emerge into the 1920’s. † (p. 44, Enrichment book) They relied on radios as not only communication but to have something in common. The prohibition act also cause a lot of change because men were over using alcohol which led to crimes, wife abuse and much more. This had made the crime rates increase, â€Å"The lack of a solid popular consensus for the ban resulted in the growth of vast criminal organizations, including the modern American and various other criminal cliques. † (Wikki) This widespread caused the disregard of the law and also generate rearing corruption among many politicians and within police forces. Showing how much they indulged these things changed society majorly. The Roaring Twenties was a decade of prosperity and economic growth, but excess created change in the economy because the people relied on credit and new sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Excess in the 1920s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Increased incomes came along with the introduction of credit with no credit card. ’ The new things out had made me people want to buy them with no money so they started to build credit but ended in debt. One of the main initiatives of Coolidge and Harding administrations was the rolling back of income tax raised on the wealthy from WWI. This changed the economy because it was a heavy tax burden on them. â€Å"Furthermore, Coolidge consistently blocked any attempts at government intrusion into private business. Harding and Coolidges managerial approach sustained economic growth throughout most of the decade. However, the overconfidence of these years contributed to the speculative bubble that sparked the stock market crash and the Great Depression. † This was not a smart movement after the WWI since they already had been in such debt. Technology did not only change society in the 1920’s but changed society forever. By creating automobiles it made it easier and faster for people to move to places such as work, home or even out of town. Electric streetcars helped people travel within cities. Cars quickly became popular-by the late 1920’s about one in every five Americans owned one. †(p. 79, enrichment book) This led to better roads and easier ways to get places, but also cut through cities and started an urban sprawl. Without electricity we wouldn’t be able to work as much as we do and not get so much money, so factories no longer needed to be near waterpower and now use electricity to power their machines. New technology allowed electricity to be more easily transmitted over a distance, meaning that homes away from the center of cities could have electric lights and appliances. † Allowed more people to work longer shifts during night and also made them appreciate it. The Roaring Twenties had many drastic changes, some for the best and some not so smart. It was generally a time of prosperity; also it improved technology and helped socially and in the economy. It merely changed the way the people thought and did things to help or just give them some free time.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

The Artistic Life of Xu Beihong and His Influence to Modern Art in China

Introduction Xu Beihong was born in Yixing, China in the province of Jiangsu. He was born into a poor background and all the skills that he acquired at an early age including seal engraving, Chinese classics, calligraphy and traditional Chinese painting were from his father who in turn had acquired them through self-teaching.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Artistic Life of Xu Beihong and His Influence to Modern Art in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was born on the 19th of July, 1895. He began commercially selling his work in 1915 when he relocated from his home town to Shanghai. He mainly sold paintings and other illustrations that were used in different publications. A government scholarship saw him enroll into the Nationale Supà ©rieure des Beaux-Arts in France in 1919. This is where he acquired the skills of oil painting and sketching as he travelled widely through Western Europe. He obse rved the works of western artists in different countries including Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, and Italy. He returned to China in 1927 and began teaching at what is presently Nanjing University and formerly the National Central University. Here, he taught in the department of fine arts and eventually headed it. Xu Beihong is so influential in Chinese art that you cannot talk of the 20th century in terms of art without the mention of his name. He has over a thousand works done in ink, oil and also as sketches. The vastness of his works makes him a legend in themselves. The number of his works is however dwarfed by the amount of literature that has been written analyzing his work which has been both positive and negative. He is regarded by many as the vanguard of 20th century Chinese art and has a whole museum dedicated to him. The major reason he is so highly regarded is the incorporation of western realism in his Chinese works. His style that is regarded as social realism has dom inated the art scene in China up until the 1970’s. Among the works that have become icons of Chinese art are: The Astute Judge of Horse, The Foolish Old Man Removing The Mountain, Tian Heng and His Five Hundred Followers and Awaiting For Deliverer. The art of this great artist is seen more as the perfect blend of traditional Chinese art with that of the West. They are lauded for depicting virtuosity and patriotic ideals. While Mao Zedong was so moved by The Foolish Old Man Removing the Mountain that he incorporated it in his political rhetoric, critics like Michael Sullivan claim that the painting is â€Å"one of the most unpleasant works to ever come out of China† (50) and that the works of Xu Beihong are â€Å"seldom more than merely competent.† (Sullivan 72)Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The thought processes that make people take such extreme posit ions when discussing Beihong’s work are influenced by preconceptions of what modern Chinese art should be, political preferences and personal tastes. Pheng Cheah concedes that these criticisms can be as a result of â€Å"dogmatic application of untested universalism† by the Western nations and â€Å"a dubious cultural relativism† by other nations in the East (54). This means that the work of an artist is viewed from a single dimension which may not produce the best results. There should be an appreciation of the arts present by the analyses of these works through a multidimensional scope (Eco 108). This paper seeks to examine the work of Xu Beihong in a wide perspective and not just against the narrow scopes including modernism versus realism, western oil paintings versus Chinese traditional ink paintings or left versus right. Here, we are going to examine the influence that this artist had on Chinese art as a whole. Discussion Xu Beihong was not the first Chine se artist to attempt modernizing Chinese art. He was however the most successful since he used the method of realism that was common in the 19th century and had long been proven in history as very effective. His works were successful partly because they depicted the problems that dogged the people of the time with relative accuracy. His however was a personal statement given his background. Before he was born, the Chinese had lost in the First Sino-Japanese War (1884-5). The political upheavals that followed including reform and revolution undoubtedly affected the perspective of this artist (Shen 172). The background of Xu Beihong helps us to discern the thought that he was â€Å"modern† due to his role in modernizing Chinese art. The experience that Xu Beihong had in the French school where he was enrolled made him view the world in a different perspective. First, it removed the pressures that are accompanied by being in familiar surroundings and helped him to be more object ive even with himself. While studying the western way of art, he thought of the situation in his home country as he viewed himself an alien in another land. Western art drew its inspiration from mythology and antiquity and thus was able to tell a story by looking at it. This was the inspiration that led Xu Beihong to produce paintings that were capable of telling stories. His major context was on historic Chinese texts while incorporating the western style of painting. TAdvertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Artistic Life of Xu Beihong and His Influence to Modern Art in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More hree of his most iconic works namely Awaiting for Deliverer, The Astute Judge of the Horse Jiu Fanggao and Tian Heng and His Five Thousand Followers were all produced immediately on his return from France in 1927. Tian Heng and His Five Thousand Followers told the story of Tian Heng who was a legendary fi gure and the ruler of the Qi dynasty. However towards the end of his reign (221-201 BCE), he chose to protect his integrity by committing suicide rather than be captured by Liu Bang who was the leader of the Han dynasty. The Astute Judge of the Horse was painted in 1931 and incorporated the traditional Chinese methods of painting that only used paper, ink and brush. The story is of the protagonist Jiu Fanggao who was said to be an excellent judge of young men who were to serve the nation as scholars and were metaphorically referred to as horses. The last piece, Awaiting for Deliverer, was a very large oil painting. The painting was depicting a suffering people in the era of the Xia dynasty (2000-1600 BCE) as they waited for a savior to deliver them from the oppressive regime. The concept was borrowed from the Book of Documents. The shift from contemporary styles to realism based on classical academics was a very effective tool for educating people and also for artistic convictions. This made the work of Xu Beihong distinguishable from that of other artists of his time including Lin Fengmian (1900-1991) and Liu Haisu (1896-1994). The fame of Xu Beihong took him to many countries where he exhibited his work. In addition to his exhibitions in Europe and China, he went as far as South and Southeast Asia. It was in India in 1940 that he did his other very influential piece known as The Foolish Old Man Removing the Mountain. This was in the period of the Japanese Resistance War (1937-1945). The painting was based on an ancient parable in the Leizi text that told the story of an old man who saw it prudent to remove a mountain that was in front of his house (Hsia 533). Even if it was a tall order for him, he was convinced that his children would continue in this endeavor long after he was gone. The sentiments that were being depicted in this painting were of a nationalistic nature and that is why Mao Zedong saw it prudent to incorporate the painting in his politics. T he role that Xu Beihong played in modernizing Chinese art culminated in him being named the president of the fine arts department in the Central University in 1950. This was immediately after the war and after the formation of the People’s Republic of China. The communist regime continued the work of this legendary artist after he passed away in 1953. China was a country that was ruled by dynasties up until the 1900s. The speedy development of Japan and other European countries meant that China only had a single option in order to survive; westernization. The establishment of the May Fourth Movement was the first step towards the â€Å"westernization† of China (Spence 223). This meant that for China to succeed, she had to embrace the western ideals so that she could become a superpower like Japan.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was achieved by emulating western ideals of romanticism, symbolism and realism that was possible under the banner of democracy and science and was the focal point of the May Fourth Movement. This was the genesis of the art reform that led to artists like Xu Beihong going into foreign countries in order to learn their art. Kang Youwei and Cai Yuanpei, who were the mentors of Xu Beihong and were responsible for him securing a scholarship in France, were supporters of the May Fourth Movement. Xu Beihong was a major player in the revolutionalization of Chinese art. As a whole, Chinese art was progressing steadily until it was disrupted by the Japanese Resistance War. The other artists who assisted in the revolution were Japanese educated Chen Baoyi (1893-1945), Guan Zilan (1903-1986) and Guan Liang (1900-1986) together with French trained Pan Yuliang (1902-1977) and Pang Xunqin (1906-1985). They all were instrumental in creating the necessary hype for Chinese art that was always in sync with that of other cities like Tokyo and Paris. Chinese peace was an uneasy affair as there was always tension between warlords, a threat from the rapidly developing Japan and the rift between the Communist Party and the National government. Xu Beihong found himself very patriotic in this times and was always eager to make history by fostering peace through his artworks. The emphasis was thus on the importation of western ideas that would assist in determining the national fate of the Chinese people. This was the backdrop in which Chinese modern art was determined. Many artists held the ideal that the best way to change Chinese art was along the traditional lines and contemporary styles whereas a few advocated for an amalgam of traditional styles and those of the West. The western style had the advantage of being more socially involved than did the literati art that had ceased to be as popular in the late 18th century. It was held that the best way forward was integrating the western style of art into the traditional Chinese art. It was thus up to Xu Beihong and other western educated artists to come up with the best way forward. The array of western educated artists did not have a common idea and a quandary of ideas was brought forth. There was a tug of war between realists and modernists. Those that advocated for the latter were Liu Hansi and Lin Feingman who believed in everything that was after Post-Impression (Andrews 29). They considered the works of Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) and Henri Matisse as the most fitting to decide the way forward for Chinese art (1869-1954) (Wong 91). The dissenting voice was however that of Xu Beihong who was convinced that the answer to Chinese art was in the 19th century classism and realism in Europe. Xu Beihong did not however give in to the whole concept of modernization. He was not interested in the whole context of modernity that was occurring in the West (Clark 4). In fact, he was only focused on the depiction of r ealism in the Chinese context. He claimed that the definition of realism that the western critics and his Chinese counterparts held was not his understanding. His main aim was in depicting reality in his artwork. Additionally, although he was a strong believer in academic realism, his works were broader than what was entailed in realism and contained other concepts including naturalism, romanticism and realism in the broader western sense. Xu Beihong groups all arts as either being based on realism or conceptualism. The latter he associates with traditional Chinese aesthetics. Conclusion The Chinese culture is no different from any other in the world. The culture looks to the social function that art plays in politics and in the definition of culture itself. Xu Beihong depiction of moralistic overtones that were largely sourced from historical sources means that the artist was free of self inclination a far cry of other modernists. It is remarkable that after eight years in France i n the midst of fauvism and post-impressionism, Xu Beihong still had a fondness for 19th century classism. In a world where people are constantly changing with the times, remaining true to a single conviction can be a tall order. Xu Beihong produced numerous works during his lifetime. However, his most profound works that gained international acclaim are five in number. The common feature of these pieces is that their concepts were borrowed from Chinese history that was a parallel to the success of European pieces based on mythology and antiquity. The pieces were also developed in the years after Xu Beihong returned from France. The turbulent history of China and especially its war with Japan had a great influence on the way that Xu Beihong crafted his pieces. This was the reason that his works were used in political rhetoric. He is considered the father of modern Chinese art that borders on realism, rightly so as he undoubtedly shaped the way that art in China was viewed and present ed a platform onto which modern Chinese art has blossomed. Works Cited Andrews, Julia F. Painters and politics in the people’s republic of China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. Print Cheah, Pheng. â€Å"Asian studies in a world in motion†. Trace, 1 (1993), 54-5 Clark, John. Modernity in Asian art. Sydney: Wild Peony, 1993. Print Eco, Umberto. The open work. Translated by Ann Cancogni. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989. Print Hsia, C.T. A history of modern Chinese fiction, 3rd Ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. Print Shen, Kuiyi. A century in crisis: Modernity and tradition in the art of 20th century China. New York: Guggeiheim Museum, 1998. Print. Spence, Jonathan D. The search for modern China, 2nd Ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1999. Print Sullivan, Michael. Art and artists of the 20th century China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. Print Sullivan, Michael. Chinese art in the 20th century. Berkeley: University of Cali fornia Press, 1959. Print. Wong, Fong C. between two cultures: late 19th and 20th century Chinese paintings form the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection in the metropolitan museum of art. New York: metropolitan museum of art, 2001. Print. This term paper on The Artistic Life of Xu Beihong and His Influence to Modern Art in China was written and submitted by user Lillianna Hale to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Alfred Adler Child-Rearing free essay sample

Examines psychologists personality theory applies it to parent education programs research into disruptive behavior. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to examine current applications of Alfred Adlers personality theory to child-behavior and child-rearing practices. To provide context, this review of applications begins with a brief synopsis of Adlers general personality theory. Adlers General Personality Theory: A Synopsis Pervin (1992) reports that the personality theory of Alfred Adler, unlike the personality theory of Sigmund Freud, assigned sexual urges a secondary role in the dynamics of personality. Instead, Adler emphasized the superiority strivings of individuals with behavior being characterized as goal-directed and consciously chosen rather than driven and pre-determined by biological urges or the unconscious mind. Further, Adler called..

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Coca Cola Case Essay Example

Coca Cola Case Essay Example Coca Cola Case Essay Coca Cola Case Essay About Coca Cola Coca Cola sells over 400 brands in over 312 countries 90 billion servings of coke are consumed each day Coca Cola is a multinational company (MNC) it operates in more than one country across the world It is bottled in 200 countries Multi national companies MNCs also have many other characteristics : Huge Profits Well known brands Large numbers of employees Headquarters mainly in MEDCs Why is Coca Cola located in India? Manufacturing the product in the country you sell it has many advantages : The cost of labour is a lot lower in India which mearns higher profits It reduces transport costs hich also mearns higher profits Legislations on working conditions, workers rights , health and safety and the environment are less strict in India . India offer initiatives such as low tax to try and get Coca Cola to invest in their country so this also raises profits Both India and Coca Cola benefit from the investment It widens the market so there are more consumers which increases profit Weaknesses of Coca Cola in India Lack of knowledge about Indian culture in detail Lack of marketing expertise in the Indian conditions Hazardous by products and health issues ? Facing issues with water exploitation and resource exploitation all over the world Difference in management styles Indian tendency to avoid foreign products Strengths of Coca Cola in India Reputed brand Global brand recognition Bottling system Technological advancement Efficient management system Good marketing knowledge Growlng Inalan market The problems with Coca Cola Social Coca Cola has been linked to many different health problems , all of which have been thoroughly investigated yet Coca Cola arent willing to do anything about it. Phosphoric Acid in Coca-Cola and D iet Coke has been shown to destroy bones by contributing to osteoporosis and destroying teeth. Aspartames neurological side effects include blurred vision, headaches, seizures and more Over consuming can lead to death as did a 31 year old woman Natasha Harris who drank 2. 6 litres on average a day. These Health risks lead to obesity which is on the rise . Obesity leads to other health problems such as liver failure and Diabetes Colombia Pan-American Beverages (Panamco), Coca-Colas main bottler in Latin America, has been criticized for its relationship with unions. In Colombia, it has been alleged that the bottling company hired paramilitary mercenaries to assassinate union leaders. These charges have resulted in several court cases and boycott actions against The Coca-Cola Company. To date, there have been a total of 179 major human rights violations of Coca-Colas workers, including 9 murders. Family members of union activists have been abducted and tortured. Union members have been fired for attending union meetings. The company has pressured workers to resign their union membership and contractual rights, and fired workers who refused to do so. Environmental In a number of districts of India, Coca Cola and its subsidiaries are accused of creating severe water shortages for the community by extracting large quantities of water for their factories, affecting both the quantity and quality of water Protests against the Coco Cola factories have taken place in a number of districts including: MehdiganJ near the holy city of Varanasi; Kala Dera, near Jaipur, RaJistan; Thane district in Maharashtra; and Sivaganga in Tamil Nadu. Ground water exploitation case in Kerala In 1999, the Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited, a subsidiary of the Atlanta based Coca-Cola company, established a plant in Plachimada, in the Palakkad district of Kerala, southern India. Coca Cola drew around 510,000 litres of water each day from boreholes and open wells. For every 3. 75 litres of water used by the plant, it produced one litre of product and a large amount of waste water. This is an extremely large amount of water to be wasting especially wnen clean water Is very rare In most communltles In Kerala.ews. php

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Literature Review - Essay Example Its symptoms include palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness. Other symptoms of AF include poor exercise intolerance, generalized weakness, and irregular pulse (Cottrell, 2011). It can also result in death. Despite this, over 90% of the victims of AF maybe not show any symptoms (Cottrell, 2011). The risk factors of AF include degeneration heart disease and atherosclerosis. Obesity, hypertension as well as metabolic syndrome and diabetes that are associated with cardiovascular disease are also the risk factors for AF (Cottrell, 2011 and Campbell-Cole & Lee, 2014). Apart from the structural complications of the heart, causes of AF may also be as a result of the thoracic surgery as well as coronary artery bypass grafts. Complications of AF include stroke, heart failure, and in severe can lead to death (Campbell-Cole & Lee, 2014). AF is often diagnosed by an irregular pulse. However, this is often confirmed by ECG (Elliott, 2014). Use of ECG helps one to identify acute changes and co-existing cardiac abnormalities like left-ventricular hypertrophy (Elliott, 2014). Management of this disorder includes considering patients with AF for anticoagulation. However, anticoagulation may also increase the risk of serious bleeding, and as a result of this, patients need to be informed about AF and treatment options (Elliott, 2014). According to Roberts and his colleagues (2015), warfarin therapy is crucial for prevention of systematic embolism as well as stroke associated with AF. It also aids in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. The decision for use of warfarin in stroke prevention is based on the CHADS2 score; 1 point for congestive heart failure, age above 75 years, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and 2 points for transient ischaemic attack (Roberts et al., 2015). Patients using warfarin should be cared t hrough approaches such as usual care by the GP, patient self-monitoring, and laboratory care program. As a